330.354

Проаналізовано товарну структуру експорту України, розраховано індекси виявлених порівняльних переваг та відносних експортних переваг галузей України на світовому ринку, проведено їх співставлення. На основі аналізу основних показників, що дозволяють емпірично розрахувати рівень концентрації ринків, обрано такий, який дозволяє найбільш об’єктивно це зробити при дослідженні експортних можливостей вітчизняних галузей. Проаналізовано концентрацію на світових ринках груп товарів, які найбільшою мірою визначають експортну спеціалізацію України.
As the result of overall analysis of the export structure of Ukraine it has been established that the largest share belongs to the group of base metals, cermets, articles thereof. The Balassa index of revealed comparative advantage (RСA) and the Vollrath’s relative export advantage index (RХA) have been calculated. The results of the calculations indicate that Ukraine is competitive in the world market of trade according to the following commodities groups: chapter 72 “Iron and Steel”, chapter 86 “Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds”, chapter 10 “Cereals” and chapter 81 “Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof”. On the basis of the analysis of key indices which make it possible to calculate the concentration ratio of the market empirically, the most objective one has been chosen allowing to carry out the research of export potential of the domestic industry. The concentration of the world markets commodities groups that determine the export specialization of Ukraine has been analyzed. It has been found out that the markets for commodities groups 72 “Iron and Steel” and 81 “Other base metals; cermets; articles thereof” are poor concentrated and in the markets of commodities groups 86 “Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling-stock and parts thereof; railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings and parts thereof; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) traffic signalling equipment of all kinds” and 10 “Cereals” the moderate concentration has been observed. This means that the export is allocated among the few «players» and the penetration to such markets with the following fixation is complicated. Increase in the value of indices of these groups can indicate the exit of some small subjects from the market and increase of the volumes of the leading countries exports. These features of world markets must be studied in the process of forming the strategy of the domestic enterprises foreign economic activities. Thus, the domestic enterprises must consider the tendencies in the world economy and in the separate industries, their structures and transformations of the key success factors while planning and conducting further economic activities.

1. Державний комітет статистики України [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua 2. Три роки членства у СОТ: тенденції зовнішньої торгівлі України у посткризовий період [Текст] – К.: НІСД, 2011. – 72 с. 3. Balassa, B. Trade Liberalization and 'Revealed Comparative Advantage / B. Balassa // The Manchester School. – 1965. – No. 33. – р. 99 – 123 4. UN COMTRADE. [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://comtrade.un.org 5. Vollrath T. A. Theoretical Evaluation of Alternative Trade Intensity Measures of Revealed Comparative Advantage / T. Vollrath // Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv). – 1991. – Vol. 127. – Issue 2. – р. 265 – 279 6. The United States Department of Justice [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://www.jcustice.gov/atr/public/guidelines/hhi.html